Eric Rauchways Murdering McKinley Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Computer Architecture free essay sample

The reason for directing this task is to investigate around 32-piece and 64-piece processor engineering as it is critical to us in other to see increasingly about PC design. Contrasting the usage of the 32-piece and 64-piece processor design will assist us with understanding and recognize the 32-piece and 64-piece engineering all the more without any problem. Toward the finish of this task, we can comprehend the importance of 32-piece and 64-piece processor design just as how they influence the transport width (information and address), memory addresses, RAM size, register, whole number size and document size. We additionally will comprehend the similarity issues of 32-piece and 64-piece processor design. To know their highlights and application we should comprehend the foundation and history of x86 and Advanced RISC Machine/Acorn RISC ought to be modified. Every one of these assignments were partitioned and conveyed among two gathering individuals and were assembled with end. 1. What 32-piece and 64-piece processor engineering mean? 32-piece and 64-piece processor design is the manner by which the PC is constructed. We will compose a custom paper test on PC Architecture or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It alludes to how much the memory and address space are in the PC. This design influences the exhibition of the PC where twofold number of bits, twofold the rate a processor can move information. In this manner, 32-bits and 64-piece processor engineering have distinctive size of information, RAM stockpiling and size of record where 64-piece have better execution contrast with 32-piece processor. Besides, 64-piece processor can run practically each of the 32-piece programs. 2. How they influence the transports width (information and address), memory address, RAM size, register, whole number size and record size? Distinctive n-bit of processor give diverse degree of execution where it influence some part in PC. Transport width alludes to how much the information can transmit at once. Thus, in the event that we have 64-piece of processor, our PC transport likewise ought to have 64-piece. This can abstain from moving additional information and no additional information preparing done. More piece processor can store more information where RAM size is relying upon processor. For instance, 32-piece working framework can store 4 gigabyte of information while 64-piece working framework can save to 1terabyte of ata. Furthermore, 64-piece have more location space for register than 32-piece processor where 64-piece can give better execution. As the time goes on, the record turns out to be progressively unpredictable. The register need more space to store this information. Thusly, an individual who need store numerous information is desirable over purchase 64-piece processor PC. This is on the grounds t hat as they need more information to store, the 32-piece processor have limit record size however 64-piece can give them additional document size. 3. Talk about the similarity issues of the 32-piece and 64-piece processor. 4-piece processor can do task quicker than 32-piece processor as 64-piece have more memory space. Henceforth, as a retrogressive perfect to 32-piece program, 64-piece working framework can run practically every one of the 32-piece programs through the unique similarity mode. Windows 64-piece incognito 32-piece information structure into 64-piece adjusted structure where windows 64-piece creates local 64-piece framework call (Remah, 2012). This is the manner by which 64-piece working framework are plan as in reverse perfect to 32-piece program. 4. The foundation, history, highlights and utilization of x86 and Advanced RISC Machine/Acorn RISC Machine (ARM). Foundation and history a)x86 †¢The 8086 additionally called iAPX86 is a 16-piece microchip chip structured by Intel between mid 1976 and mid-1978, when it was discharged. The 8086 offered ascend to the x86 engineering of Intels future processors. b)Advanced RISC Machine/Acorn RISC Machine (ARM) †¢Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) is a processor design base on a 32-piece diminished guidance set (RISC) PC. Authorized around the world, the ARM design is the most regularly actualized 32-piece guidance set engineering. Oak seed PC bunch build up the primary RISC in 1985, which was trailed by its discharged of the main spending plan benevolent pc processor. In 1990 ARM was discharged. It was the aftereffect of collective exertion among oak seed and Macintosh PC to build up another chip standard. Highlights a)x86 †¢provides a legitimate system for executing directions through a processor and permits programming projects and guidelines to run on any processor in the Intel 8086 famil y b)Advanced RISC Machine/Acorn RISC Machine (ARM) Load/store-based engineering, single-cycle guidance execution, steady 1632 piece register document, connect register, simple interpreting tending to modes, fixed 32-piece guidance set. Application a)X86 †¢application utilized in Computer Operating framework, for example, DOS, Linux, Mac OS x, Solaris and Windows. b)Advanced RISC Machine/Acorn RISC Machine (ARM) †¢application utilized in Computer Operating framework such Windows CE, Linux, Android, Windows 7 full form, Windows 7 Embedded , Windows Vista , Windows XP full form , Windows XP Embedded. . Clarify six (6) contrasts among x86 and ARM. x86ARM 1) Support for working frameworks Linux, Windows CE, Android 1) Support for working frameworks Windows CE, Linux, Android, Windows 7 full form, Windows 7 Embedded , Windows Vista , Windows XP full form , Windows XP Embedded 2) implanted applications is to an enormous degree to pick an environment with extra equipment and programming segments. 2) ARM in inserted applications is to a little degree to pick biological system. 3) Supports information kinds of byte 8-bit,16-bit ) Supports information sorts of byte 32-piece, 64-piece 4) x86 structure of PC framework is better in performance4) ARM processor, its CPU once in a while showed up 1G of scarcely any megabytes. 5 gives a legitimate structure to executing guidelines through a processor5 Load/store-based engineering, single-cycle guidance execution 6) X86-design has been broadly utilized in work areas and servers throughout the years and the development has prompted not just expanded general figuring execution 6) ARM design then again is offered in wide assortment of System-on-a-chip. End From our survey, we can presume that the 32-piece CPU and ALU structures, they depend on registers, address transports, or information transports of that size. Close to that, a processor with 32-piece memory locations can legitimately get to 4 Giga Byte of byte-addressable memory. 32-piece is much more slow than 64-piece since it can just address 32-piece of information at a time contrasted with 64-piece which can address 64-piece of information at once. For the 64-piece, it is the utilization of processors that have information way widths, whole number size, and memory locations of 64 bits (8 octets) wide. 4-piece CPU and ALU models are those that depend on registers, address transports, or information transports of that size. A 64-piece framework can move twice as much information around and can process a larger number of information than 32-piece. All in all, both of this processor has their points of interest and detriments. Speed is one of the significant contrasts between t hese two kinds of processor while 64-piece is more quicker than 32-piece. Most program can run on a 32-piece form and not all program can run on a 64-piece adaptation which is a disservice for the 64-piece. References http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/64-bit_computing http://PC. yourdictionary. com/articles/what-32-piece design. html http://www. phatcode. net/res/260/records/html/SystemOrganization. html http://www. brokenthorn. com/Resources/OSDev7. html http://www. techsupportalert. com/content/how-windows7-vista64-support-32bit-applications. htm http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Intel_8086 http://www. techopedia. com/definition/5900/propelled risc-machine-arm http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/X86-64#Architectural_features

French and Indian Wars

French and Indian Wars Introduction French and Indian Wars, 1689â€"1763, the name given by American historians to the North American colonial wars between Great Britain and France in the late 17th and the 18th cent. They were really campaigns in the worldwide struggle for empire and were roughly linked to wars of the European coalitions. At the time they were viewed in Europe as only an unimportant aspect of the struggle, and, although the stakes were Canada, the American West, and the West Indies, the fortunes of war in Europe had more effect in determining the winner than the fighting in the disputed territory itself. To the settlers in America, however, the rivalry of the two powers was of immediate concern, for the fighting meant not only raids by the French or the British but also the horrors of tribal border warfare. The conflict may be looked on, from the American viewpoint, as a single war with interruptions. The ultimate aimâ€"domination of the eastern part of the continentâ€"was the same; and the methodsâ€"capture of the seaboard strongholds and the little Western forts and attacks on frontier settlementsâ€"were the same. The wars helped to bring about important changes in the British colonies. In addition to the fact of their ocean-wide distance from the mother country, the colonies felt themselves less dependent militarily on the British by the end of the wars; they became most concerned with their own problems and put greater value on their own institutions. In other words, they began to think of themselves as American rather than British. Sections in this article: Introduction King Williams War King Georges War The French and Indian War Bibliography Queen Annes War The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History

Analysis Of Giovanni s Room By James Baldwin - 1921 Words

As Swami Nirmalananda once said, â€Å"Our modern society is engaged in polishing and decorating the cage in which man is kept imprisoned.† Giovanni’s Room, one of James Baldwin’s novels, has been considered one the most influential novels of the twentieth century. The simple, yet articulated title constructs the most symbolic piece of the whole novel, which clearly accentuates the fact that it mainly revolves around Giovanni’s room being a prison. This horrifying portrayal of the room comes together to develop and create an overall negative atmosphere around homosexuality and how it is perceived by society as something dirty, inhuman, and detrimental. The imagery, combined with metaphors, reveals the obscurity of how sexual identity can be perceived and alternated by society itself, as well as how race, class, sexual orientation, shame, internalized hate and psychological factors can a affect a person. Through Giovanni’s Room Baldwin was able to â €Å"construct literature that psychologically penetrated our minds† (PBS), making a direct reflection on how society has been drawn upon a common thought that homosexuality is wrong and somehow society believes that it can be changed, causing denial, confusion, and self-hatred. Baldwin’s carefully crafted title allows for Giovanni’s room to later be seen as a prison with just four walls and seemingly no way out. Although David, the main character in Baldwin’s novel, seems to be in love with Giovanni, he results to deny hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Giovanni s Room By James Baldwin908 Words   |  4 PagesIn Giovanni’s Room, James Baldwin uses conflict between David’s internal conflict and homosexual men, society’s views of homosexuality, and characterization to explain the negative impact of rigid standards and expectations of a male. Throughout Giovanni’s Room, David has two forms of confliction—internal conflict and a confliction with homosexual men—that stems from an environment of an unchallenged status quo—the heterosexual, masculine male. Early into the story David is conflicted with his sexualityRead MoreDiscrimination Against Homosexualsandafrican- Americans1319 Words   |  6 Pagesa homosexual during this time also meant that society would shun and also consider you as a lesser human being. James Baldwin (1924–1987) was an African American writer, novelist, and playwright who also happened to be homosexual. An imperative social context to point out would be the lack of opportunities for the black population along with an accumulation of criticism. James Baldwin attempted to appeal to an array of audiences in slight hope of recognition. The salient themes discussed in a largerRead MoreLiterary And Scholarly Works : Giovanni s Room By James Baldwin2163 Words   |  9 Pageshow the residents of these neighborhoods perceive their identity. This discussion included in this paper will be based on the analysis of literary and scholarly works. For instance, it is possible to refer to such authors as Nella Larsen and Yomme Chang who describe isolated ethnic communities. Furthermore, one can examine the novel Giovanni’s Room written by James Baldwin who examines the reasons why the representatives of the LGBT community can form their own enclaves. Overall, these people canRead MoreAlice Malsenior6001 Words   |  25 Pagesfighting for freedom, increased her dedication to become both a reflective and revolutionary author. Alice Malsenior Walker was born on February 9, 1944, in Eatonton, Georgia, to Willie Lee and Minnie Tallulah Grant-Walker. Like many of Walker s fictional characters, she was the daughter of a sharecropper and the youngest of eight children (Bates, Alice Walker: A Critical Companion). Alice’s father had always taken education very seriously in an era where the schooling of black children, especially

Parliamentary Sovereignty Free Essays

â€Å"It remains a first principle of our constitutional law that Parliament in enacting primary legislation is sovereign. Parliamentary sovereignty has been qualified though not departed from in different ways by our adoption of the law of the European Union through the European Communities Act 1972 and by the Human Rights Act 1998. † Per Lord Justice Laws, R (MISICK) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs [2010] EWCA Civ 1549 Evaluate this statement with reference to appropriate legal authorities. We will write a custom essay sample on Parliamentary Sovereignty or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to evaluate this statement it is important to understand what Parliamentary sovereignty is and how it relates to European Union law with the enactment of the European Communities Act 1972 and the Human Rights Act 1998. The doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty means that Parliament is the supreme Law maker of the UK, hence Parliament is free to make or unmake any law it wishes with the exception that it cannot limit its own power or bind itself when it comes to future legislation. This dictates that all courts must uphold legislation laid down by Parliament. â€Å"  The principle, therefore, of parliamentary sovereignty means neither more nor less than this, namely that â€Å"Parliament† has â€Å"the right to make or unmake any law whatever; and further, that no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament† The principle of Parliamentary sovereignty was derived from the fundamental doctrines of the Magna Carta, Petition of Rights and the Bill of Rights. Unlike many other countries the UK has no written constitution meaning that it is flexible to be interpreted in the courts however the judge sees fit. The doctrine of Parliamentary supremacy is clearly in conflict with the full recognition of the community law in the UK. However, many things act so as to make parliamentary supremacy delusive, since international treaty obligations mean that certain legislation would never be passed. The Treaty of Rome does not state that EU law is to take precedence over domestic law. However, the ECJ in the case of Costa v ENEL stated that member States are bound to follow EU law. This is reflected in the European Communities Act 1972, s 2(1) which provides that rights, powers and obligations under the Treaties are, without further enactment, to be given legal effect in member States. Accordingly, directly applicable and directly effective EU law would take precedence over domestic law and if domestic law conflicted with EU law, domestic law would need to be changed. The European Communities Act 1972 s. (1)4 directly imposes provisions of the Treaties, together with EU Regulations and other directly applicable European law, whether they were passed before or after the UK joined the European Union. It also invalidates existing domestic law wherever the two conflict and thereby the former is directly valid. Membership of the European Union is derogation from parliamentary sovereignty since all of the European Union’s powers flow from Parliament’s sove reignty through the original act, and therefore Parliament retains ultimate sovereignty. There is a limited retention of parliamentary sovereignty in many areas of European concern, since the UK has limited powers to determine penalties for breach of European Union law, and since the option is often left open in directives not to implement parts of the directive. It would appear that the doctrine of Parliament supremacy has been significantly qualified by the UK membership of the community. If absolute supremacy no longer exists, it could be restored by repealing European Community Act 1972. But the practical reality is that a new legal order has been created, in which the community law has supremacy over national law. The European Union was accused by Lord Denning of interfering with Parliament sovereignty in the absence of express authority by the EC Treaty. However the UK membership and the European Union have together caused a significant area of legislative power to pass to EU. This does not mean that it is permanent but if the UK decided to leave the European Union, then Parliament could exercise its ultimate sovereign authority by Act of Parliament and epeal the European Communities Act 1972, whereby the provisions of the EU Treaties would no longer have effect in domestic law. â€Å"If the supremacy within the European Community of Community law over the national law of member states was not always inherent in the EEC Treaty it was certainly well established in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice long before the United Kingdom joined the Community. Thus, w hatever limitation of its sovereignty Parliament accepted when it enacted the European Communities Act 1972 was entirely voluntary. † European Union Law challenges the concept of Parliamentary Sovereignty. The European Union also has the doctrine of supremacy which means all member states must adhere to European Union laws as opposed to their own national laws. This may have restrained Parliamentary Sovereignty in the UK upon its entry to the European Union in 1972. In order to comply with the European Court of Justice the UK Parliament enacted the European Communities Act 1972 and the Human Rights Act 1998. Lord Denning stated that signing the treaty was only the first step as Community law could not be implemented merely by signing a Treaty of Accession. Parliament passed the European Community Act 1972, which came into force on 1st January 1973, whereby Community law become applicable in the UK. â€Å"It is an essential aspect of sovereignty that all states should have supreme control over their internal affairs, subject to the recognised limitation imposed by international law. † Parliamentary approval is not required for EU legislation that is binding in the UK, which again jeopardises the UK sovereignty. The major case that encapsulates this is Factortame, by enacting the Merchant Shipping Act 1988, Parliament breached European law. In this case the compatibility was challenged. The Factortame decision marks a clear, if not important, that constitutional departure from the traditional view of parliamentary sovereignty. Since Factortame, UK law now recognises that Community institutions have the right to make decisions and issue regulations which may override legislation by Parliament. The Human Rights Act 1998 was introduced in order to comply with the European Convention of Human Rights so that national law was more compatible with European Union law and to protect Parliamentary sovereignty. It first came into force on 2 October 2000. The  Human Rights Act  empowers courts  to read legislation in such a way as to give effect to the European Convention on  Human Rights. Article 46 of the European Convention on Human Rights states that the government must abide by and must follow final decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. Actions of UK judges are limited by a constitutional compromise developed over centuries, while European judges have been given enormous power. Although Parliament could pass legislation today withdrawing Britain from the EU and Community law would cease to apply at the national level. The Human Rights Act 1998 seems only to go so far where Parliament is concerned as is shown with the relatively new anti-terrorism laws. S. 2(1) of the HRA makes it clear these laws are still to be interpreted by the courts in their own way. â€Å"A court or tribunal determining a question which has arisen in connection with a Convention right must take into account any judgment, declaration or advisory opinion of the European Court of Human Rights (b) decision of the Commission [etc. ] †¦. henever made or given, so far as, in the opinion of the court or tribunal, it is relevant to the proceedings in which that question has arisen. † Ever since the UK joined the EU in 1972, the EU has played an increasing role in Britain, and as a result has had an impact on the UK sovereignty. Therefore clearly any Community law would prevail over UK legislation passed before 1972, as this is uncontroversial and accords with the traditional doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty. However, the doctrine depends largely on the obedience by the judiciary to the doctrine of implied repeal. So the issue arises as s. (4), which declares that any future enactment to be passed must be applied subject to the provisions of the ECA 1972. Therefore since Dicey defines sovereignty as continuing , it would seem that s. 2(4) is clearly an attempt by parliament, contrary to the very principle of the UK’s constitutional, to suspend the doctrine of implied repeal and consequently, bind its successors. As membership of the European Union is derogation from Parliamentary Sovereignty in practice, all of the European Unions’ powers flow from Parliament’s original Act and therefore surely Parliament retains ultimate supreme. Lord Denning stated that if the UK chose to take back complete supremacy it could easily do so by leaving the European Union. â€Å"If the time should come when our Parliament deliberately passes an Act†¦with the intention of repudiating the Treaty or any provision in it†¦ or intentionally of acting inconsistently with it†¦ and says so in express terms†¦ then I should have thought that it would be the duty of our courts to follow the statute of our Parliament. † This could create problems for the UK in certain areas, both economically and politically. The UK now having been a member state for nearly 30 years has to take the economic growth and other positive aspects with the negative aspects of being a member state, one being a lesser sense of Parliamentary sovereignty. As stated by Margaret Thatcher: â€Å"It is a myth that our membership of the Community will suffocate national tradition and culture. Are the Germans any less German for being in the Community, or the French any less French? Of course they are not! † References House of Commons European scrutiny committee. (2010). The EU Bill and Parliamentary sovereignty. Available: http://www. ublications. parliament. uk/pa/cm201011/cmselect/cmeuleg/633/633i. pdf European Communities Act 1972. Available: http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1972/68/section/1. Last accessed  1st March 2012 Human Rights Act 1998. Available: http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1998/42/contents. Last accessed  1st March 2012 Brazier, R. (). APPENDIX 1: THE PARLIAMENT ACTS. Available: http://www. publications. parliament. uk/pa/ld200506/ldselect/ldconst/141/14104. htm. Last accessed 1st March 2012 Wagner, A. (2011). Does parliamentary sovereignty still reign supreme?. Available: http://www. guardian. o. uk/law/2011/jan/27/supreme-court-parliamentary-sovereignty. Last accessed 1st March 2012. (2011). Imprisoned by a Doctrine: The Modern Defence of Parliamentary Sovereignty. Available: http://ojls. oxfordjournals. org/content/early/2011/10/19/ojls. gqr027. abstract. Last accessed 1st March 2012 R v Secretary of State for Transport ex parte Factortame (No. 2) [1991] 1 AC 603 Flaminio Costa v ENEL  [1964] ECR 585 (6/64) ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Dicey, A. V. 1982 [1914]. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE LAW OF THE CONSTITUTION. 8th ed. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund [ 2 ]. Flaminio Costa v ENEL  [1964] ECR 585 (6/64) [ 3 ]. http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1972/68/section/1 [ 4 ]. Lord Denning  in Bulmer Ltd v J. Bollinger (1974) [ 5 ]. R v Secretary of State for Transport ex p Factortame (No. 2) [1991] 1 AC 603 [ 6 ]. Martin, E. Oxford Dictionary of Law (2002), 5th Edition, Oxford University Press, Press, Pg 469 [ 7 ]. http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1988/12/contents [ 8 ]. http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1998/42/contents [ 9 ]. Human Rights Act 1998, http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1998/42/contents [ 10 ]. Lord Denning How to cite Parliamentary Sovereignty, Essay examples

The Arctic Essay Example For Students

The Arctic Essay The Artic is a region at the upper most tipof the Northern Hemisphere. The Artic includes the areaaround Greenland, USSR, Canada and Alaska. Much of theArtic circle is permanently frozen ice. The Artic is a pristineenvironment, clean and void of human interference. Howeveras humans move into these areas and begin to extract whatever they can be balance can be tipped, resulting in pollutionand destruction of the environment. Climate. The Articwinters much longer than the Summer. In the winter the sunnever rises and in the summer it never sets. The averagetemperature for the Artic is zero degrees of less. Industryand the Artic. There was once a time when the land of theArtic Circle was considered useless and only hospitable tothose native to it. However once vast quantities of oil andfish had been found there was a rush of interest in the land. We will write a custom essay on The Arctic specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Fishing in the Artic has occurred for thousands of years butin recent years man has been fishing the Artic; in greaternumbers and taking more fish. Professional fishermen aretaking all kinds of fish as well as whales and seals. In someareas fishermen have become so efficient at their job thatquotas have needed to be put on to limit or stop the captureof certain animals. There are many mineral deposits withinthe Artic Circle. In Russia: nickel, iron ore, apatite,diamonds, gold, tin, coal, mica, and tungsten. In Sweden:iron ore. In Greenland: lead, zinc, molybdenum and cryolite. Spitsbergen: coal. Canada: uranium, copper, nickel, lead,zinc, tungsten and iron ore. The digging out of mineralswould inevitably disturb the natural habitat as well as theenvironment there would be a great cost to maintain the site. Industry that is designed to process various minerals havewaste products that would be most unwelcome in the Artic. A good example of this is the pollution that has arisen as aresult of the smelting of metals in the Artic. It is for thisreason that there is very little industry in the Artic. HoweverRussia, Canada, Greenland and Iceland have several smallscale manufacturing plants. The largest industry in the Artic isoil. The rush began in 1968 when a large oil field wasdiscovered, there was a great deal of protest but thedevelopment went ahead. Oil extracted from the felid makesits way to Port Valdez via a 1300 kilometre pipeline. Although steps were taken to limit the pipelines affect on theenvironment it still disrupts the migration of caribou. In 1989the unthinkable happened and the super tanker ExxonValdez ran aground spilling millions of gallons of crude oilinto the Prince William Sound. The effects of the slick weredevastating. Within a week workers counted 24000 deadsea birds and 1000 sea otters. The effects of the slick werefelt throughout the food chain from photoplankton to bears. The Exxon company funded the clean up but there was nocompensation for the hundreds of people that lost their jobas a result of the slick. Pollution of the Artic A large threat tothe Artic is transboundry pollution and bioaccumulation. These are both complex subjects but are easily explained. Transboundry pollution is the pollution of the Artic fromother countries. The ocean currents and wind conditionsresult in large amounts of pollution being deposited in theArtic. In winter when the sun is low thick blankets of hazecan be seen over the Artic. Bioaccumulation is the processwhere pollutants build up in the Artic because they cannot bebroken down due to the extreme cold. Once harshchemicals find their way into the food chain they stay thereforever, trapped in the animals and sediments. A result ofincreased pollutants in the atmosphere is the occurrence ofacid rain. Sulphur and Nitrogen dioxides drift fromdeveloped countries and when they mix with water in theatmosphere they can produce acid rain as strong as lemonjuice. The acid snow melts in summer and spring producingan acid shock that can kill animals and plants alike. In 1986the nuclear reactor in Chernoybl exploded sending a nuclearcloud into the atmosphere that among other placescontaminated plants and animals in th e Artic region. .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6 , .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6 .postImageUrl , .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6 , .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6:hover , .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6:visited , .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6:active { border:0!important; } .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6:active , .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6 .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucfc402c888bd6dbdfd8a68ff711101d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The ecological self EssayParticularly affected were lichens, lichens are a plant thatmakes up the majority of a reindeers diet. When thereindeers ate the lichens they became radioactive and manythousands had to be shot. Tourism vs conservation. In thebattle between tourism and conservation, tourism seems toalways win. However in the Artic tourism has so far had littleeffect (compared to other human

The Factors that Contribute to the Effective Use of iPads with PMLD Pupils. The WritePass Journal

The Factors that Contribute to the Effective Use of iPads with PMLD Pupils. Description The Factors that Contribute to the Effective Use of iPads with PMLD Pupils. ): Develop research questions. Phase 2 (August 2012): Conducted critical review of relevant literature. Phase 3 (September 2012): Conduct classroom observation. Disseminate questionnaire to second school. Phase 4 (October 2012): Conduct semi-structured interviews with teachers. Phase 5 (November – December 2012): Data collation and analysis Phase 6 (Early 2013): Review, question and action. Disseminate research findings to interested parties. There will be several issues with this study and the implementation of these teaching methods. For instance it is important to individually assess the needs and strengths of each pupil in order to provide them with a personalised experience which meets their needs (Handy, 2000). If the technology is used without first assessing the needs of the pupil then it may be of little benefit, and it is important that the teachers understand the aims and logic behind these teaching methods so they can implement them correctly and assess any development and success (Florian and Hegarty, 2004). These potential issues will be factored in to all research. Rationale Despite the rapid advances in the field of special education over the last few decades children with PMLD have continued to present a challenge to teachers and teaching methods. In the 1980s teachers developed the intensive interaction methods of trying to improve the communication skills of those with disabilities and learning difficulties, which has proven to be effective in some cases. (Lovell, 1998). The use of iPads build on these methods by providing an interactive experience which will engage the pupils. If this is successful the Apple iPad can provide a one-to-one learning experience while minimising the number of carers required, promoting a more productive teaching method (Davis and Florian, 2004). This could go a long way to revolutionising how those with disabilities and learning difficulties are taught and could not only improve the educational system but also the individual lives of those affected. Technology is already implemented in some specialist schools as a tool for teaching. It is believed that Information Communication Technology can be used to support specialised needs in mainstream as well as specialist environments (Condie, Munro, Seagraves Kenesson, 2007). Ofsted have also reported that technology has been used effectively to overcome learning barriers (Ofsted 2005; 2004a) and a project to provide technology aids to pupils was well received by both parents and pupils alike (Wright et al., 2004). The personalised environment provided by educational technology will improve the pupils quality of life and take demand away from the education system. Literature Review I will lead my research by conducting a full and detailed literature review into the previous and current studies surrounding this topic. This will include analysis of Census data and Ofsted reports regarding PMLD children and the use of technology in classrooms. Existing reports and articles will also be reviewed to determine how successful studies have been so far. For instance several studies have been conducted into the importance of visual and interactive learning environments. A study by Sparrowhawk and Heald (2007) suggested that educational software should be colourful, interactive, accompanied by sound and provide the pupil with a challenge as well as constant feedback, in order to stimulate the mind and interest. Foyle (2012) supports this theory by stating that pupils are most motivated when supplied with sound, music and a reward system. Flo Longhorn and Penny Lacey also advocate a sensory approach to learning after working with PMLD pupils for over ten years. I expect my examination of the field to further support the theory that iPads will improve the learning of pupils with disabilities. Conclusion As pupils with Profound and Multiple Learning Difficulties have impairment in communication and cannot function in what would be considered a normal learning environment, steps must be taken to improve their learning experience. Studies have proven that support can be successfully provided through the implementation of technology in order to provide an individual experience based on the pupils needs. This gives the pupils a safe method of communicating with the world around them. The Apple iPad has the greatest potential to meet the requirements of PMLD pupils due to its interactive, portable and user-friendly nature. References Condie, R.,   Munro, B.,   Seagraves, L. Kenesson, S. (2007). The impact of ICT in schools – a landscape review. Becta. Davis, P. Florian, L. (2004). Teaching strategies and approaches for pupils with special educational needs: A scoping study. Department for Education and Skills. Available at education.gov.uk/complexneeds/modules/Module-1.1-Understanding-the-child-development-anddifficulties/All/downloads/m01p010c/II.teaching_strategies%20including_aspects _of_II.pdf. (Accessed 03.08 2012). Florian, L. Hegarty, J. (2004).  ICT and Special Educational Needs (Learning Teaching With ICT). 1st Edition. Open University Press. Foyle, A. (2012). Switched on to education. SEN Magazine Online, January 2012. Available at: senmagazine.co.uk/articles/378-switched-on-to-education-the-use-of-ict-in-sen.html (accessed 29.08.2012) Lacey, P. (2011) . 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